Forests are also vital ecosystems that deliver a range of environmental benefits. They act as carbon sinks, absorbing and storing carbon dioxide, which is critical in mitigating climate change. The South of Scotland’s forestry sector plays a key role in the UK’s carbon sequestration efforts, which should be used to help offset unavoidable emissions from other crucial sectors.

Forests also support biodiversity. Native woodlands, such as oak, Scots Pine and birch forests, provide habitats for various iconic species, from birds like crossbills and capercaillie to mammals such as pine martens and red squirrels.. There is no reason why such species could not be widespread around much of Scotland again. Sustainable forestry practices, including mixed productive woodlands, can balance timber production with habitat conservation, maintaining ecological integrity while meeting economic goals.

Forests also contribute to soil health and water management. Trees reduce soil erosion and enhance water quality by filtering pollutants and stabilizing riverbanks. In the South of Scotland, where agriculture is a significant land use, forestry provides natural solutions to challenges like soil degradation and water scarcity, ensuring the long-term viability of farming and woodland expansion.

Forestry enhances the quality of life for residents and visitors in the South of Scotland alike with accessible forests offering spaces for recreation and well-being, with physical activities in nature shown to reduce stress, improve mental health, and foster community connections. Facilities like Glentress Forest in the Tweed Valley demonstrate how well-managed woodlands can become hubs for outdoor enthusiasts.

Our forests are deeply tied to the identity of our region, inspiring local folklore, art, and traditions. Preservation of these landscapes sustains a sense of place and heritage, fostering pride and belonging among communities.

Despite its advantages, the forestry sector faces challenges, including balancing competing land uses, ensuring local communities are properly consulted and see tangible benefits from plantations, addressing climate change, and managing pests and diseases. Invasive species and climate shifts threaten both commercial plantations (which ironically are often comprised of invasive species) and native woodlands, requiring proactive management and innovation. Furthermore, there needs to be consistent use of Environmental Impact Assessments when forestry projects are established, to help assess the cumulative environmental impact of large swathes of commercial conifer planting across the South of Scotland.

However, these challenges also present opportunities. Expanding native woodland cover and adopting practices like agroforestry—where trees are integrated with farming and can create multifunctional landscapes that maximize benefits. Investment in research and training ensures that the forestry workforce remains skilled in sustainable practices, leveraging technology and science to optimize outcomes. If forestry corporations signed up to a community wealth building agenda and community benefit arrangements, the South of Scotland could start to ensure that jobs, supply lines and the profits from the forestry sector are kept as local as possible.

Collaboration is key to realizing these opportunities and the newly announced initiative, Natural Capital Innovation Zone (NCIZ) is a huge step forward in the South of Scotland that will maximise our vast natural capital assets.  NCIZ will drive change and help address the twin crises of biodiversity loss and climate change through further developing our natural capital opportunities, attracting responsible investment and driving forward innovation and drive forward the wellbeing economy for Scotland, the UK and the rest of the world.